It is easy to forget that most of the world’s internet traffic does not traverse satellites or distant clouds, but lies beneath our oceans, coursing through thousands of kilometers of fiber-optic cables. These lines, laid across the seabed, are the unacknowledged arteries of the modern economy. They transmit trillions of dollars in financial data daily, underpin critical infrastructure, and form the backbone of global commerce and statecraft. Submarine cables carry more than 95% of global inte
submarine cables (2)
Submarine cables, the backbone network of the global economy and telecommunications, are operating in an increasingly risky environment and are prone to geopolitical, physical, and cyber threats, including nation-state sabotage and spying. Fiber-optic submarine cables on the ocean floor transmit an estimated 99% of all intercontinental internet traffic and communications, including roughly $10 trillion of financial transactions daily and sensitive government and military communication, making t
