Mark Twain once said, “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.” Twain's quote provides two key lessons: first, why double negatives in a sentence are a terrible idea, and second, how assumptions can lead one into trouble. Assumptions affect all levels of decision-making; however, when national leaders make assumptions, trouble can rapidly escalate to chaos and turmoil.
Russian President Vladimir Putin and his military suffered fro
