Red Sky Alliance monthly queries our backend databases, identifying all new data containing Motor Vessel (MV) and Motor Tanker (MT) in the subject line of malicious emails. Malicious actors use emails with Motor Vessel (MV) or Motor Tanker (MT) in the subject line as a lure to entice users in the maritime industry to open emails containing malicious attachments. Red Sky Alliance is providing this list of Motor Vessels in which we directly observed the vessel being impersonated, with associated malicious emails. The identified emails attempted to deliver malware or phishing links to compromise the vessels, parent companies, ports and the entire Transportation Supply Chain. Specific vessel names or key words in the transportation supply chain can be queried using our two services and tools. Full report available here.
Significant Vessel Keys Words:
Figure 1. Map displaying location of attacker domains
Figure 2. Map displaying location of victim domains
Figure 3. Distribution of attacker and target domains
Common Transportation Attack Chain Overview
Table 1: List of dates, subject lines, malware detections, and sender data seen in Red Sky Alliance’s malicious email collection from last 30 days. Information extrapolated from the Subject Line. Full table attached.
Analysis
Five prevalent subject lines seen in our recent query are as follows:
- RE: Comeau's Sea Foods - Scallops - PO 84140
- marine model production factory
- MV LADY BIRD APPOINTMENT // PDA REQUEST
- MT SEA GLORY APPOINTMNET // PDA REQUEST
- FORTUNE BULK PDA & PORT INQUIRY // DISCHARGE ABT 55K SLAG AT DISPORT
There are several themes generally represented by the subject lines seen. Specifically, in this month’s query we see mostly disbursement and port requests. These emails are seen to utilize common terminology to establish credibility. This credibility can make for a solid lure. In terms of the sending emails themselves, we saw a seafood harvester, shipping agencies, a Greek record label, and an engineering firm in Pakistan.
In addition to impersonating these companies and various types of communication, these emails are also seen to be impersonating specific vessels. Vessels potentially being impersonated by these emails are:
- Fortune (pictured left), which is a general cargo ship that has not been in service since 2021.
- Sea Glory (pictured below), which is a bulk carrier that has not been in service since 2016.
- Crown, which is a crude oil tanker that has not been in service since 2017.
- Toroneos, which is a general cargo ship currently located at Amaliapolis, Greece and is sailing under the flag of Panama.
As one might expect, fabricating a vessel name is not difficult, but using a real ship’s name does not take much effort and could result in an increase of credibility.
The most prevalent malware detections associated with these emails this month are as follows:
- HEUR:Trojan.Win64.DllHijack.gen – Kaspersky
- Agent - VBA32
- Trojan:Script/Wacatac.B!ml – Microsoft
- Trj/GdSda.A – Panda
- GenericS.D3A74C20 - Arcabit
Detections in these emails tend to be representative of generic trojans like Trojan.Agent intended for a variety of purposes like information stealing, providing backdoors for remote access, downloading additional payloads, etc. HEUR:Trojan.Win64.DllHijack.gen is a fairly new detection in our system as named, but this detection is also identified more generally by other vendors. Trojan:Script/Wacatac.B!ml we have been seeing since late 2020 with a spike of activity occurring in the summer of 2022. Trj/GdSda.A and Trojan.GenericS variants we have seen since 2016 under a variety of names.
Table 2: List of dates, subject lines, malware detections, and sender data seen in Red Sky Alliance’s malicious email collection from last 30 days. Information extrapolated from the Subject Line. Full table attached.
Vessel Flag of Convenience – All shipping size vessels which fall under international law must fly a country flag where it is registered. The flag of convenience (FOC) is the system that allows the vessel owners to avoid burdensome international legal regulations. When the ships are involved in this system, they are not connected to the laws of the countries where they are registered. The top five (5) flag states with the largest number of registered vessels are: Panama, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Hong Kong and Singapore.[1]
Supply Chain Report
Supply Chain Spoofing: In 2023, our analyst began monitoring the transportation supply chain, as often these transportation companies are used to gain cyber access to valuable targets. Maritime shipping is just one portion of the entire commercial transportation supply chain. By querying our data with numerous important supply chain keywords, we can also extract some more general supply chain related malicious emails. The five most prevalent subject lines seen with a general supply chain focus are as follows:
- E-Invoice for AWB 7866067850
- DHL SHIPMENTS NOTIFICATION : 39952312** ARRIVAL NOTICE DATED
- [UNVERIFIED:] Re : Purchase order & PI for signature
- Re : Purchase order & PI for signature
- Purchase Order: 0204547 RFQ# 6-18-14 Boeing Inc.
Much like maritime related emails, we can see several themes emerge in the subject lines of these malicious emails. Most prevalently in the last month, we can see primarily shipping and invoice notifications. These emails can also contain impersonations of companies in many industries. In our most recent query, we saw multiple shipping companies, and engineering laboratory in Dubai, a mechanic in Guatemala, and an athletic garment manufacturer.
The five most prevalent detections associated with these emails are as follows:
- Trojan:Script/Wacatac.B!ml – Microsoft
- PHP.Valkyre.22.9B04151D – Gdata
- unknown.expiro – CTX
- HTML:Iframe-inf [Susp] – AVG
- HTML/Phishing.DDO!tr - Fortinet
Unlike maritime specific emails, detections attached to emails targeting a wider supply chain tend to leverage phishing activities, as is seen with HTML:Iframe-inf and HTML/Phishing.DDO!tr, variants of which we have been seeing since 2016. The eml.unknown.expiro detection represents a variant of the Expiro file infector virus, which we have seen irregularly since late 2018. The Generic.PHP.Valkyre detection is often labelled more generally as Phishing.HTML, which is an extremely common detection in our system.
Closing: These analytical results illustrate how a recipient could be fooled into opening an infected email and what sorts of dangers can accompany these emails. It is common for attackers to specifically target pieces of a company’s supply chain to build up cyber-attacks targeting larger companies. Doing so could cause the recipient to become an infected member of the maritime supply chain and thus possibly infect victim vessels, port facilities and/or shore companies in the marine, agricultural, and other industries with additional malware. With approximately 90% of products being shipped in the maritime related supply chain, this is a serious cyber matter.
Fraudulent emails designed to make recipients hand over sensitive information, extort money, or trigger malware installation on shore-based or vessel IT networks remain one of the biggest day-to-day cyber threats facing the maritime industry and associated transportation supply line. These threats often carry financial liability to one or all those involved in the Transportation Supply Chain. Preventative cyber protection offers a strong first-line defense by preventing deceptive messages from ever reaching staff inboxes, but malicious hackers are daily developing new techniques to evade current detection. This supports our recommendation of daily cyber diligence.
The more convincing an email appears, the greater the chance employees will fall victim to a scam. To address this residual risk, software-based protection should be treated as one constituent of a wider strategy that also encompasses the human element as well as organizational workflows and procedures.
It is important to:
- Train all levels of the marine supply chain to realize they are under constant cyber-attack.
- Emphasize maintaining constant attention to real-world cyber consequences of careless cyber practices or general inattentiveness.
- Provide practical guidance on how to identify a potential phishing attempt.
- Use direct communication to verify emails and supply chain email communication.
About Red Sky Alliance
Red Sky Alliance strongly recommends ongoing monitoring from both internal and external perspectives. Internal monitoring is common practice. However, external threats are often overlooked and can represent an early warning of impending cyber-attacks. Red Sky Alliance can provide both internal monitoring in tandem with RedXray notifications on external threats to include, botnet activity, public data breaches, phishing, fraud, and general targeting. All emails connected to the Transportation Supply Chain, to include Vessels, should be viewed with scrutiny.
Red Sky Alliance is in Steamboat Springs, CO USA. We are a Cyber Threat Analysis and Intelligence Service organization. We have been tracking vessel impersonation for over 6 years (and maintain historical reports). For questions, comments or assistance, please contact our lab directly at 1-844-492-7225, or feedback@wapacklabs.com
- Reporting: https://www.redskyalliance.org/
- Website: https://www.wapacklabs.com/
- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/64265941
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